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| + | ====== non collaboration obstruction ====== | ||
| + | ====== Anglais B2 : opposition / non-collaboration + verbs “impede” (synthèse) ====== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 0) Résumé en 6 lignes ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **Opposition** = être contre / contester : *oppose, object, disagree, push back*. | ||
| + | * **Non-collaboration** = ne pas aider / ne pas répondre : *refuse, decline, ignore, withhold*. | ||
| + | * **Ralentir / gêner** (souvent “soft”) : **impede / hinder / hamper**. | ||
| + | * **Obstruction** (plus fort, souvent volontaire / légal) : **obstruct / block / sabotage**. | ||
| + | * Idiomes utiles : **drag one’s feet** (traîner des pieds), **stonewall** (faire le mur). | ||
| + | * Registre pro/légal : **non-compliance**, | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 1) Échelle “douce → dure” (intention + gravité) ===== | ||
| + | ^ Niveau ^ Idée ^ Mots clés ^ | ||
| + | | Doux | réticence / pas motivé | **reluctant, | ||
| + | | Moyen | non coopératif / refus | **uncooperative, | ||
| + | | Fort | ralentir / gêner la progression | **impede, hinder, hamper, stall** | | ||
| + | | Très fort | obstruction / sabotage | **obstruct, block, undermine, sabotage** | | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 2) Adjectifs (attitudes) ===== | ||
| + | ^ Mot ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^ | ||
| + | | **reluctant** | réticent (pas envie) | *He was reluctant to sign.* | | ||
| + | | **unwilling** | pas disposé à… (refus interne) | *She’s unwilling to compromise.* | | ||
| + | | **uncooperative** | non coopératif (pro/admin) | *The witness was uncooperative.* | | ||
| + | | **obstructive** | fait obstacle volontairement (B2) | *He was being obstructive.* | | ||
| + | | **defiant** | défiant (contre une autorité) | *A defiant response.* | | ||
| + | | **hostile** | hostile/ | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 3) Verbes : choisir le bon ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 3.1 “Je suis contre / je conteste” (opposition) ==== | ||
| + | ^ Verbe ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^ | ||
| + | | **oppose** | s’opposer (formel) | *They opposed the proposal.* | | ||
| + | | **disagree (with)** | pas d’accord | *I disagree with that approach.* | | ||
| + | | **object (to)** | faire objection (plus formel) | *I object to this wording.* | | ||
| + | | **push back (on)** | contester / résister (B2, pro) | *Staff pushed back on the changes.* | | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 3.2 “Je ne coopère pas / je refuse” (non-collaboration) ==== | ||
| + | ^ Verbe ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^ | ||
| + | | **refuse (to)** | refuser (direct) | *He refused to cooperate.* | | ||
| + | | **decline (to)** | refuser poliment (pro) | *She declined to comment.* | | ||
| + | | **ignore** | ignorer (passif-agressif possible) | *They ignored my emails.* | | ||
| + | | **withhold** | retenir infos/aide (B2) | *He withheld information.* | | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 3.3 “Je ralentis / je gêne” (impede family) ==== | ||
| + | ^ Verbe ^ Nuance / registre ^ Exemple ^ | ||
| + | | **impede** | entraver, ralentir (formel) | *Lack of funding impeded progress.* | | ||
| + | | **hinder** | très proche, un peu plus courant | *Delays hindered the project.* | | ||
| + | | **hamper** | compliquer/ | ||
| + | | **stall** | faire traîner (souvent volontaire) | *He’s stalling for time.* | | ||
| + | | **drag one’s feet** | traîner des pieds (idiome) | *They’re dragging their feet.* | | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== 3.4 “Je fais obstruction / je sabote” (plus accusatoire) ==== | ||
| + | ^ Verbe ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^ | ||
| + | | **obstruct** | faire obstruction (souvent volontaire/ | ||
| + | | **block** | bloquer (direct) | *They blocked access.* | | ||
| + | | **undermine** | saper (autorité/ | ||
| + | | **sabotage** | saboter (très fort) | *Someone sabotaged the deal.* | | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 4) Où se place “to impede” exactement ? ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **impede = ralentir / entraver la progression** (registre plutôt formel). | ||
| + | * Moins accusatoire que **obstruct** (souvent volontaire + connotation “obstruction”). | ||
| + | * Très proche de **hinder** ; proche de **hamper** (souvent causes pratiques). | ||
| + | |||
| + | **Règle simple :** | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **impede / hinder / hamper** = “ça ralentit / complique” | ||
| + | * **obstruct** = “ça fait obstacle (souvent volontaire)” | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 5) Collocations B2 prêtes à l’emploi ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **impede progress / efforts / growth** | ||
| + | * **significantly / seriously impede** | ||
| + | * **hinder progress** | ||
| + | * **hamper operations** | ||
| + | * **obstruct an investigation** | ||
| + | * **refuse to cooperate** | ||
| + | * **decline to comment** | ||
| + | * **withhold information** | ||
| + | * **drag one’s feet** / **stall for time** | ||
| + | * **raise objections** / **stand one’s ground** | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 6) Formulations pro / légal (emails) ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * **lack of cooperation** = manque de coopération | ||
| + | * **failure to respond** = absence de réponse | ||
| + | * **failure to comply** / **non-compliance** = non-respect | ||
| + | * **in breach of (the agreement)** = en violation de | ||
| + | |||
| + | Exemples : | ||
| + | |||
| + | * *Due to a lack of cooperation, | ||
| + | * *Their failure to comply is impeding progress.* | ||
| + | * *This behaviour may be considered obstructive.* | ||
| + | |||
| + | --- | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 7) Mini-choix rapide (FR → EN) ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | * “Il freine le processus” → **He is impeding / hindering progress.** | ||
| + | * “Il fait traîner” → **He is stalling / dragging his feet.** | ||
| + | * “Il fait obstruction” → **He is obstructing the process/ | ||
| + | * “Il refuse de coopérer” → **He refuses to cooperate / is uncooperative.** | ||
| + | * “Il retient des infos” → **He is withholding information.** | ||
| + | * “Il conteste la décision” → **He objects to / opposes the decision.** | ||