====== non collaboration obstruction ======
====== Anglais B2 : opposition / non-collaboration + verbs “impede” (synthèse) ======

===== 0) Résumé en 6 lignes =====

* **Opposition** = être contre / contester : *oppose, object, disagree, push back*.
* **Non-collaboration** = ne pas aider / ne pas répondre : *refuse, decline, ignore, withhold*.
* **Ralentir / gêner** (souvent “soft”) : **impede / hinder / hamper**.
* **Obstruction** (plus fort, souvent volontaire / légal) : **obstruct / block / sabotage**.
* Idiomes utiles : **drag one’s feet** (traîner des pieds), **stonewall** (faire le mur).
* Registre pro/légal : **non-compliance**, **failure to comply/respond**, **in breach (of)**.

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===== 1) Échelle “douce → dure” (intention + gravité) =====
^ Niveau ^ Idée ^ Mots clés ^
| Doux | réticence / pas motivé | **reluctant, hesitant, unwilling** |
| Moyen | non coopératif / refus | **uncooperative, refuse, decline** |
| Fort | ralentir / gêner la progression | **impede, hinder, hamper, stall** |
| Très fort | obstruction / sabotage | **obstruct, block, undermine, sabotage** |

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===== 2) Adjectifs (attitudes) =====
^ Mot ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^
| **reluctant** | réticent (pas envie) | *He was reluctant to sign.* |
| **unwilling** | pas disposé à… (refus interne) | *She’s unwilling to compromise.* |
| **uncooperative** | non coopératif (pro/admin) | *The witness was uncooperative.* |
| **obstructive** | fait obstacle volontairement (B2) | *He was being obstructive.* |
| **defiant** | défiant (contre une autorité) | *A defiant response.* |
| **hostile** | hostile/agressif | *His tone became hostile.* |

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===== 3) Verbes : choisir le bon =====

==== 3.1 “Je suis contre / je conteste” (opposition) ====
^ Verbe ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^
| **oppose** | s’opposer (formel) | *They opposed the proposal.* |
| **disagree (with)** | pas d’accord | *I disagree with that approach.* |
| **object (to)** | faire objection (plus formel) | *I object to this wording.* |
| **push back (on)** | contester / résister (B2, pro) | *Staff pushed back on the changes.* |

==== 3.2 “Je ne coopère pas / je refuse” (non-collaboration) ====
^ Verbe ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^
| **refuse (to)** | refuser (direct) | *He refused to cooperate.* |
| **decline (to)** | refuser poliment (pro) | *She declined to comment.* |
| **ignore** | ignorer (passif-agressif possible) | *They ignored my emails.* |
| **withhold** | retenir infos/aide (B2) | *He withheld information.* |

==== 3.3 “Je ralentis / je gêne” (impede family) ====
^ Verbe ^ Nuance / registre ^ Exemple ^
| **impede** | entraver, ralentir (formel) | *Lack of funding impeded progress.* |
| **hinder** | très proche, un peu plus courant | *Delays hindered the project.* |
| **hamper** | compliquer/handicaper (souvent circonstances) | *Bad weather hampered rescue efforts.* |
| **stall** | faire traîner (souvent volontaire) | *He’s stalling for time.* |
| **drag one’s feet** | traîner des pieds (idiome) | *They’re dragging their feet.* |

==== 3.4 “Je fais obstruction / je sabote” (plus accusatoire) ====
^ Verbe ^ Nuance ^ Exemple ^
| **obstruct** | faire obstruction (souvent volontaire/légal) | *He obstructed the investigation.* |
| **block** | bloquer (direct) | *They blocked access.* |
| **undermine** | saper (autorité/effort) | *He undermined the team.* |
| **sabotage** | saboter (très fort) | *Someone sabotaged the deal.* |

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===== 4) Où se place “to impede” exactement ? =====

 * **impede = ralentir / entraver la progression** (registre plutôt formel).
 * Moins accusatoire que **obstruct** (souvent volontaire + connotation “obstruction”).
 * Très proche de **hinder** ; proche de **hamper** (souvent causes pratiques).

**Règle simple :**

 * **impede / hinder / hamper** = “ça ralentit / complique”
 * **obstruct** = “ça fait obstacle (souvent volontaire)”

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===== 5) Collocations B2 prêtes à l’emploi =====

  * **impede progress / efforts / growth**
  * **significantly / seriously impede**
  * **hinder progress**
  * **hamper operations**
  * **obstruct an investigation**
  * **refuse to cooperate**
  * **decline to comment**
  * **withhold information**
  * **drag one’s feet** / **stall for time**
  * **raise objections** / **stand one’s ground**

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===== 6) Formulations pro / légal (emails) =====

* **lack of cooperation** = manque de coopération
* **failure to respond** = absence de réponse
* **failure to comply** / **non-compliance** = non-respect
* **in breach of (the agreement)** = en violation de

Exemples :

* *Due to a lack of cooperation, the process has been delayed.*
* *Their failure to comply is impeding progress.*
* *This behaviour may be considered obstructive.*

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===== 7) Mini-choix rapide (FR → EN) =====

* “Il freine le processus” → **He is impeding / hindering progress.**
* “Il fait traîner” → **He is stalling / dragging his feet.**
* “Il fait obstruction” → **He is obstructing the process/investigation.**
* “Il refuse de coopérer” → **He refuses to cooperate / is uncooperative.**
* “Il retient des infos” → **He is withholding information.**
* “Il conteste la décision” → **He objects to / opposes the decision.**