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Phrasal verbs
Cours sur les Phrasal Verbs
1. Qu'est-ce qu'un phrasal verb ?
Un phrasal verb est une combinaison d’un verbe et d’une particule (préposition ou adverbe) qui crée un sens différent du verbe seul.
Exemples :
- Give up (abandonner) → “I gave up smoking.” - Look after (s'occuper de) → “She looks after her little brother.” - Take off (décoller) → “The plane took off at 8 PM.”
2. Types de phrasal verbs
a) Phrasal verbs transitifs (avec complément d’objet)
Ils nécessitent un objet.
- Turn off (éteindre) → “Please turn off the light.” - Pick up (ramasser) → “Can you pick up the book?”
Certains permettent de séparer le verbe et la particule :
- “Turn the light off.” - “Pick the book up.”
b) Phrasal verbs intransitifs (sans complément d’objet)
Ils ne prennent pas d’objet.
- Wake up (se réveiller) → “I wake up at 7 AM.” - Go away (partir) → “He went away without saying goodbye.”
c) Phrasal verbs à particule prépositionnelle (fixes)
La particule est inséparable.
- Look forward to (avoir hâte de) → “I look forward to the holidays.” - Come up with (trouver une idée) → “She came up with a great plan.”
3. Liste des phrasal verbs courants
| Phrasal Verb | Signification | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| Break down | Tomber en panne | My car broke down yesterday. |
| Bring up | Évoquer, élever (un enfant) | She brought up an important topic. |
| Call off | Annuler | They called off the meeting. |
| Find out | Découvrir | I just found out the truth. |
| Get along with | Bien s’entendre avec | Do you get along with your colleagues? |
| Give up | Abandonner | He gave up smoking. |
| Look after | Prendre soin de | She looks after her grandmother. |
| Put off | Reporter | They put off the wedding. |
| Run into | Rencontrer par hasard | I ran into my old friend. |
| Set up | Installer, établir | They set up a new company. |
| Take off | Décoller | The plane took off at 10 AM. |
| Turn down | Refuser | He turned down the job offer. |