non collaboration obstruction
Anglais B2 : opposition / non-collaboration + verbs “impede” (synthèse)
0) Résumé en 6 lignes
* Opposition = être contre / contester : *oppose, object, disagree, push back*. * Non-collaboration = ne pas aider / ne pas répondre : *refuse, decline, ignore, withhold*. * Ralentir / gêner (souvent “soft”) : impede / hinder / hamper. * Obstruction (plus fort, souvent volontaire / légal) : obstruct / block / sabotage. * Idiomes utiles : drag one’s feet (traîner des pieds), stonewall (faire le mur). * Registre pro/légal : non-compliance, failure to comply/respond, in breach (of).
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1) Échelle “douce → dure” (intention + gravité)
| Niveau | Idée | Mots clés |
|---|---|---|
| Doux | réticence / pas motivé | reluctant, hesitant, unwilling |
| Moyen | non coopératif / refus | uncooperative, refuse, decline |
| Fort | ralentir / gêner la progression | impede, hinder, hamper, stall |
| Très fort | obstruction / sabotage | obstruct, block, undermine, sabotage |
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2) Adjectifs (attitudes)
| Mot | Nuance | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| reluctant | réticent (pas envie) | *He was reluctant to sign.* |
| unwilling | pas disposé à… (refus interne) | *She’s unwilling to compromise.* |
| uncooperative | non coopératif (pro/admin) | *The witness was uncooperative.* |
| obstructive | fait obstacle volontairement (B2) | *He was being obstructive.* |
| defiant | défiant (contre une autorité) | *A defiant response.* |
| hostile | hostile/agressif | *His tone became hostile.* |
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3) Verbes : choisir le bon
3.1 “Je suis contre / je conteste” (opposition)
| Verbe | Nuance | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| oppose | s’opposer (formel) | *They opposed the proposal.* |
| disagree (with) | pas d’accord | *I disagree with that approach.* |
| object (to) | faire objection (plus formel) | *I object to this wording.* |
| push back (on) | contester / résister (B2, pro) | *Staff pushed back on the changes.* |
3.2 “Je ne coopère pas / je refuse” (non-collaboration)
| Verbe | Nuance | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| refuse (to) | refuser (direct) | *He refused to cooperate.* |
| decline (to) | refuser poliment (pro) | *She declined to comment.* |
| ignore | ignorer (passif-agressif possible) | *They ignored my emails.* |
| withhold | retenir infos/aide (B2) | *He withheld information.* |
3.3 “Je ralentis / je gêne” (impede family)
| Verbe | Nuance / registre | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| impede | entraver, ralentir (formel) | *Lack of funding impeded progress.* |
| hinder | très proche, un peu plus courant | *Delays hindered the project.* |
| hamper | compliquer/handicaper (souvent circonstances) | *Bad weather hampered rescue efforts.* |
| stall | faire traîner (souvent volontaire) | *He’s stalling for time.* |
| drag one’s feet | traîner des pieds (idiome) | *They’re dragging their feet.* |
3.4 “Je fais obstruction / je sabote” (plus accusatoire)
| Verbe | Nuance | Exemple |
|---|---|---|
| obstruct | faire obstruction (souvent volontaire/légal) | *He obstructed the investigation.* |
| block | bloquer (direct) | *They blocked access.* |
| undermine | saper (autorité/effort) | *He undermined the team.* |
| sabotage | saboter (très fort) | *Someone sabotaged the deal.* |
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4) Où se place “to impede” exactement ?
* impede = ralentir / entraver la progression (registre plutôt formel). * Moins accusatoire que obstruct (souvent volontaire + connotation “obstruction”). * Très proche de hinder ; proche de hamper (souvent causes pratiques).
Règle simple :
* impede / hinder / hamper = “ça ralentit / complique” * obstruct = “ça fait obstacle (souvent volontaire)”
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5) Collocations B2 prêtes à l’emploi
- impede progress / efforts / growth
- significantly / seriously impede
- hinder progress
- hamper operations
- obstruct an investigation
- refuse to cooperate
- decline to comment
- withhold information
- drag one’s feet / stall for time
- raise objections / stand one’s ground
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6) Formulations pro / légal (emails)
* lack of cooperation = manque de coopération * failure to respond = absence de réponse * failure to comply / non-compliance = non-respect * in breach of (the agreement) = en violation de
Exemples :
* *Due to a lack of cooperation, the process has been delayed.* * *Their failure to comply is impeding progress.* * *This behaviour may be considered obstructive.*
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7) Mini-choix rapide (FR → EN)
* “Il freine le processus” → He is impeding / hindering progress. * “Il fait traîner” → He is stalling / dragging his feet. * “Il fait obstruction” → He is obstructing the process/investigation. * “Il refuse de coopérer” → He refuses to cooperate / is uncooperative. * “Il retient des infos” → He is withholding information. * “Il conteste la décision” → He objects to / opposes the decision.